Absceso recurrente de la glándula de Skene en paciente joven: reporte de caso / Recurrent abscess of Skene's gland in a young patient: case report

Las glándulas de Skene se encuentran localizadas en la región lateral de la uretra distal, por lo general son asintomáticas sin embargo en ciertas ocasiones pueden obstruirse creando acumulación de líquido en su interior, el cual provoca síntomas, abscesos o quistes que pueden ser tratados con tratamiento médico o quirúrgico. En este caso se presenta una mujer que consulta en múltiples ocasiones por salida de secreción purulenta de la glándula de skene, ya tratada con esquemas antibióticos en 3 ocasiones, sin embargo al persistir con recurrencia de absceso a pesar de antibioterapia se realiza abordaje quirúrgico para resección de la misma (AU)

Skene's glands are located in the lateral region of the distal urethra, are usually asymptomatic however on certain occasions they can become clogged creating accumulation of fluid inside, which causes symptoms, abscesses or cysts They can be treated with medical or surgical treatment. In this case, a woman is presented who consults in multiple sometimes due to discharge of purulent secretion from the skene's gland, she already treated with antibiotic regimens on 3 occasions, however When abscess recurrence persists despite antibiotic therapy, performs surgical approach for its resection

Percutaneous ethanol injection versus conservative treatment for benign cystic and mixed thyroid nodules

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in reducing the volume of cystic and mixed thyroid nodules. Materials and methods A total of 36 patients with nodules treated with PEI and 13 individuals who declined PEI and were followed clinically or received other non surgical treatment (control group). Assessments were performed at baseline (immediately before treatment in the PEI group or evaluation of the nodule on ultrasonography in the control group) at short-term (on average 30 days after the last injection in the PEI group), and long-term (on average 14 months after baseline in the PEI group or 26 months after baseline in the control group). Results In the PEI group, the mean baseline volume of 10.4 ± 9.8 cm3 reduced at short-term follow-up to 2.9 ± 3.1 cm3 (67.7 ± 19.9%, p < 0.001) and at long-term follow-up to 2.0 ± 2.5 cm3 (78.2 ± 19.5%, p < 0.01 versus baseline and p = 0.009 versus short-term follow-up). Both types of nodules showed similar degrees of reduction. In the control group, mean volume was 5.8 ± 3.4 cm3 at baseline and 6.2 ± 3.0 cm3 at long-term follow-up (p = 0.507). Compared with the control group, the PEI group showed larger reduction (p < 0.001). Conclusions PEI is effective in reducing the volume of cystic and mixed benign thyroid nodules, with sustained long-term efficacy and better outcome when compared with conservative therapies. Treatment with PEI is a safe alternative, with minimal, transient and self-limited adverse events.

Tratamento de cistos conjuntivais em cavidade anoftálmica com injeção intralesional de ácido tricloroacético (ATA) a 25% / Treatment of conjunctival cysts in anophthalmic socket with intralesional injection of trichloroacetic acid (ATA) 25%

Cistos conjuntivais em cavidades anoftálmicas podem ter implicações funcionais e estéticas negativas para os pacientes. Dentre as opções terapêuticas disponíveis, o uso do ácido tricloroacético é relativamente recente. Os casos relatados apresentaram boa evolução após 30 dias do tratamento, sendo bem tolerado pelos pacientes e possibilitando maior preservação de tecido conjuntival...

Conjunctival cysts in anophthalmic socket may have functional and aesthetic implications for the patients.Among the available treatment options, the use of trichloroacetic acid is relatively recent. Our reported cases showed a good outcome after 30 days of treatment, that was well tolerated by patients, with greater conjunctival tissue preservation...

Cystic craniopharyngioma: intratumoral chemotherapy with alpha interferon / Craniofaringioma cístico: quimioterapia intratumoral com interferon alfa

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the cystic craniopharyngiomas can be controlled with the use of intratumoral applications of interferon alpha. METHOD: Nineteen patients with the diagnosis of cystic craniopharyngioma were treated with intratumoral chemotherapy with interferon alpha from January 2002 to April 2006. All patients underwent placement of an intracystic catheter connected to an Ommaya reservoir. Through this reservoir were made applications during chemotherapy cycles. Each cycle corresponded to application of 3,000,000 units of interferon alpha three times per week on alternate days totalizing 36,000,000 units. Response to treatment was evaluated by calculating the tumor volume on MRI control after one, three and six months after the end of each cycle. Patients who developed worsening of symptoms or who had insignificant reduction in tumor volume during follow-up underwent repeat cycle chemotherapy. RESULTS: Four patients received four cycles of chemotherapy, three patients received three cycles, six patients received two cycles and six patients received one. The lower percentage of reduction in tumor volume was 60 percent and the bigger reduction was 98.37 percent. Eleven patients had a reduction greater than 90 percent. Five patients had a tumor reduction between 75 and 90 percent and in three patients the tumors were reduced by less than 75 percent. No deaths occurred during treatment and side effects of interferon alpha were well tolerated. No treatment was discontinued. Follow-up after the last application ranged from one year and five months to three years and nine months. CONCLUSION: The intratumoral chemotherapy with interferon alpha decreases the volume of cystic craniopharyngiomas and so far can be considered a new therapeutic alternative.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se os craniofaringiomas císticos podem ser controlados com aplicações intratumorais de interferon alfa. MÉTODO: De janeiro de 2002 a abril de 2006, 19 pacientes foram submetidos à colocação de um cateter intracístico conectado a reservatório de Ommaya para aplicações intratumorais de ciclos de 36.000.000 de unidades de interferon alfa. A resposta ao tratamento foi avaliada pelo cálculo do volume tumoral na ressonância magnética de controle ao término de cada ciclo. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes receberam de um a quatro ciclos de quimioterapia. Onze pacientes apresentaram uma redução do volume tumoral maior que 90 por cento; cinco pacientes apresentaram uma redução entre 75 por cento e 90 por cento e três pacientes uma redução menor de 75 por cento. Não houve óbitos durante o tratamento e os efeitos colaterais do inferferon alfa foram bem tolerados. Nenhum tratamento foi interrompido. CONCLUSÃO: A quimioterapia intratumoral com interferon alfa diminui o volume dos craniofaringeomas císticos e pode ser considerada uma nova alternativa terapêutica.

Efeito da injeção percutânea de etanol na redução de nódulos tireoideanos / Percutaneous ethanol injection for the treatment of thyroid nodules

Para verificar a eficácia da injeção percutânea de etanol (IPE) no tratamento de nódulos tireoideanos (NT) comparou-se o volume de 86 nódulos (77 pacientes), antes e após uma ou duas sessões de alcoolização. As medianas do volume inicial e final foram respectivamente: 3,5 mL (0,3 a 82,7) e 1,8 mL (0 a 29,4). Sete por cento dos nódulos desapareceram e a média de redução volumétrica foi de 52,6 por cento ± 31,1 (p< 0,0001). Os diferentes padrões ultra-sonográficos responderam distintamente ao tratamento, com as seguintes medianas de redução: 37,3 por cento (variando de -39,0 a 82,6) nos NT sólidos; 53,5 por cento (14,6 a 88,0) nos predominantemente sólidos; 58,0 por cento (21,0 a 64,5) nos mistos; 71,0 por cento (18,8 a 100,0) nos predominantemente císticos e 90,9 por cento (45,9 a 100,0) nos císticos. Adicionalmente, buscou-se comparar a variação do maior diâmetro dos NT, inicialmente sem tratamento, e após a alcoolização, cuja diferença foi estatisticamente significante (p< 0,00001). A complicação mais freqüente foi dor moderada, em 27,6 por cento dos casos. Concluímos que a IPE mostrou ser uma forma de tratamento segura e eficaz no tratamento de NT benignos.

Phaeomycotic cyst--a case report.

Phaeomycotic cyst or subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis is the most common type of phaeohyphomycosis. Fonsecaea pedrosoi as the causative agent of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis was earlier reported in India. Here a case of a patient of 22-year-old farmer is presented with a soft cystic swelling on the left wrist. Direct examination of the aspirate from the swelling showed dematiaceous hyphae. Culture grew Fonsecaea pedrosoi. The patient responded to antifungal therapy.

Enfoque terapéutico de la neurocisticercosis / Therapeutic management of neurocysticercosis

Resulta claro que todo paciente portador de neurocisticercosis debe recibir tratamiento etiológico o sintomático de acuerdo a cada caso en partícular. La indicación de terapia corticoidal está más definida para el manejo de quistes parenquimatosos y subaracnoideos gigantes, hidrocefalia por aracnoiditis activa, angeítis y encefalitis por cisticerco. La cirugía tiene su rol específico en los casos de hidrocefalia, quistes espinales y aquellos quistes subaracnoideos gigantes en el caso de que no respondan al tratamiento médico. La craneotomía descompresiva puede resultar una medida de salvataje en casos de encefalitis por cisticerco. Por último es importante mencionar que actualmente la droga de elección es el albendazol, pero el praziquantel debe ser considerado en casos especiales de resistencia y usársela como terapia única o asociada al fármaco de elección

Infected bullae: a recognizable entity

Infected bullae are seldom diagnosed. They are frequently confused with pulmonary abscess. We present a case with a characteristic evolution. Bullae were identified previous to the infection. The illness developed gradually with scanty sputum, pleuritic pain and finally a febrile illness. Fever abated 48 hours after initiating two weeks of therapy with intravenous Clindamycin and Amikacin. As it is commonly seen, radiographic resolution was slow but it was complete in 8 weeks. Recognition of infected bullae is important to avoid inappropriate diagnostic or therapeutic interventions

Diagnóstico y tratamiento del quiste de la glándula tiroides / Diagnosis and treatment of the cyst of the thyroid gland

Se presenta el resultado del diagnóstico y tratamiento de quistes tiroideos en una serie de 28 pacientes atendidos en las consultas de tiroides del Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología (INEN). El diagnóstico se realizó por ultrasonografís y se corroboró por biopsia aspirativa con aguja fina (BAAF). Los 28 quistes constituyen el 25 % de los nódulos tiroideos estudiados entre septiembre de 1988 y septiembre de 1989. Fueron identificados 16 casos como quistes verdaderos, todos con citología negativa de células neoplásicas (BAAF). De ellos, 4 casos recidivaron después de una segunda evacuación aspirativa y tratamiento con dosis supresivas de hormonas tiroideas. Los 12 casos restantes resultaron quistes complejos. La BAAF fue negativa de células neoplásicas por 2 ocasiones en 11 pacientes. En uno de los del grupo, la citología por segunda intención fue característica de un tumor papilar

Infiltración de triamcinolona en chalazión / Triamcinolone infiltration in chalazion

Treinta e cuatro pacientes, con un total de 43 chalaziones, fueron tratados con inyección de acetato de triamcinolona en el centro de la lesión. Ocho pacientes no concurrieron a control. Veintinueve mejoraron en un lapso no mayor de 2 semanas. A dos les fue necesario aplicar una nueva dosis, y un tercero mejoró pero tuvo una recidiva al segundo mes y hubo de ser nuevamente tratado. A tres pacientes les fue practicado extirpación quirúrgica de la lesión, diagnosticándose en uno de los casos un quiste sebáceo